Adams took over from Malky Mackay in November and guided the Staggies to two wins and a draw in his first three games but now moves on after a poor run of results.
Ross County are sitting 11th in the cinch Premiership table with their next match away to Rangers on Wednesday February 14.
Chairman Roy MacGregor told the club website: "We have agreed to accept his resignation in the best interest of both Derek and the club. We would like to place on record our thanks to Derek, and we wish him well for whatever he chooses to do in the future."
