Alfredo Morelos gave Steven Gerrard's side the lead after half an hour but a Borna Barisic own goal in the last minute earned the Swiss side a draw.
Rangers had Ryan Jack sent off in stoppage time but held on for the point, which takes them through as runners-up to Porto in Group G.
Celtic suffered their first defeat in Group E, going down 2-0 to CFR Cluj in Romania, but Neil Lennon's team were already into the knock-out phase and will be seeded.
The draw takes place on Monday at 12 noon, with ties due to be played on February 20 & 27.