The former Falkirk, Hibernian, Inverness Caley Thistle and Raith Rovers boss takes over in Dingwall with the Staggies four points adrift at the foot of the table.
A club statement read: "Ross County FC can today announce the appointment of John Hughes as the club’s new manager. John is a well-distinguished and well-known figure within the game and has very valuable experience in the Scottish Premiership. John will retain the services of the current coaching team."
Ross County's next Premiership match is away to Celtic – who they beat in the Betfred Cup last month – on Wednesday before they host St Mirren on Boxing Day.